Evelines Decision in James Joyces Dubliners Essay -- Joyce Dubliners

Eveline's Decision in James Joyce's Dubliners      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the short story, 'Eveline,' James Joyce introduces us to the life of a young woman named Eveline. She has the opportunity to escape with Frank, the man she thinks she loves, to a faraway country in search of a new life.   Instead, she decides to stay in the dreary and gloomy life she already knows.   To understand Eveline's final decision to stay we have to analyze the reasons that prevent Eveline from pursuing a better life. Her fear of the unknown; the fact that she does not know Frank well enough; and the many attachments she has to her home, prompt Eveline to make her decision.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first reason for Eveline to stay is that she is does not have the courage to leave.   She   tries to convince herself that her life is not ? wholly undesirable,? but Joyce reveals how hard and undesirable her life actually is when he tells us that she ?felt herself in danger of   her father's violence.?   She gets ?palpitations? because she is so afraid of her own father.   Although he beats her and treats her badly, she still thinks that ?sometimes he could be very nice,? just because she remembers him making her laugh once, and other time when he took care of her when she was sick.   These good memories about her father look insignificant compared to what she has to do for him.   Eveline also has to support the mistreatments of her abusive father even when she is asking him for money to buy groceries.   Especially on Saturday nights when he is   ?usually fairly bad,? meaning he is drunk.   Eveline alone asks herself   if it is wise to leave.   She thinks that at her home she has ?shelter and food; she had those whom ... ...irl, is protected by her mother. Memories make Eveline feel more emotionally attached to her home. Although her favorite brother, Ernest, is dead, she still cares about Harry.   She has to many duties in the house.   She has to take care of two children, take care of the house, and her abusive father.   All because of the promise she made to her dying mother to ?keep the home together as long as she could.?   The love for her mother is too strong to break that promise.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion Eveline chooses the 'odour of dusty cretonne' over a new, but unknown life because the reasons for staying slightly overwhelm the reasons for leaving.   For this era her decision might seem bizarre or even foolish; but making that decision she does what is logical for that epoch. Works Cited Joyce, James Dubliners, New York:Penguin, 1993

Heavy Metal Essay -- Art

Heavy Metal Heavy Metal’s popularity is and has been on the rise due to its many bands and increased guitar technology. Since the mid 1960’s, when heavy metal spread to the U.S. from England, it has grown in popularity. Many of the first bands that came from Europe came with two intentions; to spread heavy metal to other parts of the world, and to make it grow in popularity. (Ragland 1). Heavy metal is a form of rock ‘n’ roll music played on electric guitars and amplified to unnatural volume levels. Such effects as feedback, distortion, reverb, and Wah Wah pedals are commonly added to the music. These effects create completely new sounds, exploiting the possibilities of electric guitars. Most heavy metal music is based on death, Satanism, youth, and teenage rebellion. It is broken into three sub categories; speedcore, thrash metal, and death metal. Heavy metal is the general term for these three categories combined. It is often just called metal. Most heavy metal music is based around the electric guitar. (Ragland 1-2). Guitar technology has changed a lot since the beginning of the rock era. In the early 1950’s electric guitars were very expensive and had few capabilities. Inventions such as wah wah pedals, fuzz boxes, distortion, reverb, and amplifiers have increased the electric guitar's capabilities of making new sounds and music. The new devices have also made rock music more popular. More among the heavy metal population than the many other branches of rock ‘n’ roll. (Hewens). Heavy metal music grabs a hold of rock’s most rudimentary elements; youth, rebellion, sex, fantasy, and a good time at all costs. It is directed towards the alienation and trauma that plagues adolescent life, particularly among the lives if teenage boys. They tend to see their lives as controlled by parents and teachers. For many others, it is a way to release frustration and anger. For instance, a heavy metal concert to those who like heavy metal, is not just a musical performance, full of elaborate costumes and settings. It is a community of teenagers who participate in a shared celebration of youth. (Ragland 1-2). Heavy metal tends to be male-oriented, but metal is not exclusive to the male population. Its basic audiences are dominate by white, male teenagers from criminal backgrounds. Women in heavy metal are usually objects of lust. They are visualized as m... ...icion. "Money is what makes the world turn round." Although that is just a saying, it is somewhat quite true. It brings happiness and misery into peoples lives. In Great Expectations, Pip proves to the reader that money can really make a difference in a person's life. In the beginning of the story Pip was not wealthy, he was living in poverty. His manners were not as great as a rich person's, he did not own much of anything, and he was treated poorly because of that. Joe was not wealthy, and nor was Mrs. Joe. They treated Pip like they would anyone else, as an equal. When he went to Estella’s house, she treated him like he was a laboring boy. Just by looking at him, she concluded that she was better than him because he looked poor, and she looked rich. That was the first time Pip didn’t look at everyone as an equal. He looked at Estella as being rich, and him being poor. As Pip gets older, he becomes wealthy. He took this for granted and treated the poor as he was once treated so many years ago. He believed that money was power. Estella and Ms Havisham were powerful people through his eyes. He wanted to be more like them. As he became a gentleman, he became more like them.

The History Of Earnings Management Accounting Essay

In the last few decennaries the universe economic system has changed. Undoubtedly, major factors on its form had globalisation, concern unity and engineering. These procedures changed the operation of little, medium, and large concerns. In the beginning of twenty-first century there are many dramatic instances that are related to net incomes direction frauds. These events imbalance world-wide economic system ; they bring deficiency of trust to investors for market stock and this leads to misdirect information about net incomes. These false audits and created maltreatments brought an sentiment that shareholders will make perfectly everything to increase their net income. In fact, I have come to believe that net incomes quality is one of the most of import facets in fiscal universe in the present twenty-four hours. Management net incomes play a important function for income statements and balance sheets, as they straight affect stock markets, Bankss, investors, creditors and many fisca l establishments. The intent of this research paper is to reply the inquiry what net incomes direction is and how directors and hearers follow the regulations utilizing the guidelines of this tool. Why is it so of import? Net incomes are an sum of net income that company produce in a certain period of clip. â€Å" Net incomes quality refers to the ability of reported net incomes to reflect the company ‘s true net incomes, every bit good as the utility of reported net incomes to foretell future net incomes † . Fiscal statements are used in cognizing and foretelling the status of the company to be able to do a pick about stocks, notes, and others liquid assets. Fiscal statements besides refer to consistence, stableness and staying power in study net incomes. Accounting does non cognize one simple rating method for ciphering and demoing net incomes. That is why it is so hard to mensurate them and compare them through the markets. Net incomes appear in assorted figures: net income, grosss, ru ning net incomes and etc. Very frequently these factors do non intend anything to anybody and they do non lend for utile information about a company ‘s position. I would wish to reply what grounds and motivations drive directors to net incomes direction. I think that motivations and purposes are really of import and they can impact our ideas that lead to our actions and behaviour. I will so discourse the conceptual model for net incomes direction and its use techniques. In the past old ages audits have put more a stronger focal point on fraud sensing and fraud disincentive. This scrutinizing attempt has started giving better consequences. The legion of net incomes frauds start diminishing. However, there is still a large per centum of companies that use direction net incomes in the incorrect manner, that is why I would wish to demo what technique hearers can utilize in observing fraud in direction net incomes. On history of many frauds and bankruptcies of large houses in the United States and Europe, there has been a rise in involvement of quality of fiscal statements and fiscal studies through hearers. The term, net incomes direction is non new, it has been used in old old ages. Mrs. Katherine Schipper was one of the first who define net incomes direction. She defined it as: â€Å" aˆÂ ¦.purposeful intercession in the external fiscal coverage procedure, with the purpose of obtaining some private addition † ( Schipper ) . Another but more sophisticated account was provided by Healy and Wahlen: â€Å" Net incomes direction occurs when directors use judgements in fiscal coverage and in structuring minutess to change fiscal studies to either misdirect some stakeholders about the implicit in economic public presentation of the company or to act upon contractual results that depend on the reported accounting Numberss † ( Healy and Wahlen ) . In simple words, it is use of a ho use ‘s net incomes ( straight or indirectly ) to run into stockholders and investors outlooks in certain periods of clip. I found many different positions and positions about net incomes direction. I infer that definition of net incomes direction suffers from deficiency of consensus about the definition of net incomes direction. It kindly apprehensible that many bookmans interpret this term otherwise. For many people it is merely a originative managerial resource that shows a company from its best side. Nevertheless, in my sentiment Scott provides the best definition: â€Å" the pick by a director of accounting policies so as to accomplish specific aims. Net incomes direction can be basically classified as either accounting related, affecting the use of accounting records through aggressive or deceitful applications of accounting rules, or operating related, affecting picks made by direction sing the timing of investing or operating activities, with the consequence that repor ted net incomes are influenced by these picks † ( Scott ) . We can acknowledge assorted motivations for net incomes direction. Surely, it is non a safe operation and it binds to put on the line of harm a repute and condemnable duty. Companies will prosecute in this pattern merely if they must and it is their last option and pick. We can choose and place the five the most common motivations for this procedure: stock market benefits, concealing private information, political costs, internal motivations, and doing CEO look better. The stock market relies on information, which means that investors want to cognize the prognosis of the fiscal side of the company before they buy stock. Interaction between those two organic structures is really high because puting in stock is a really hazardous action. Investors frequently invest in successful and potentially profitable houses. Firms need to look good and strong in assorted fiscal analyzes. These elements can easy force houses towards net incomes direction. By run intoing outlook of investors, companies expect higher returns, which will ensue better hard currency flow and stableness for a company. On the other manus, by demoing negative income and pour income statement a house exposes itself to a dramatic lessening in the company ‘s value and capital. Which gives negative stock gross. The stronger inducement so the higher chance that directors will utilize net incomes direction to increase its income, which will hold consequence on better prognosis analysis f or company ( Payne and Robb ) . To sum up, company attack net incomes direction reasonably easily because they want to remain in â€Å" game † and they expect their challenger to make the same thing. Hiding private information is process whereby concealing some information directors achieve their ends. It is hard to explicate the patterns of house ‘s accounting to the public participants. If the investors can non acknowledge a method of accounting they more likely will non put their assets in the house. To better information of the company, directors may follow simpler and clearer methods which result altering in net incomes often ( S. Verbruggen, J. Christaens, and K. Milis ) . The following factor that can act upon fiscal statements is authorities. Tax Torahs and different sorts of authorities ordinances may impact greed for alterations in direction net incomes. Large companies do non desire to large affect by politicians and control by authoritiess. Equally long as politicians do non indicate at houses for deficiency of liquid or inefficient stock portions, companies do they work. Fiscal studies are really frequently tasty morsel for politicians. One of the most influential factors in my sentiment is doing the CEO expression good. It happens because of the greed in people, particularly for CEO or CFO and their compulsions with their repute. It normally exists when a company changes its Chief executive officer or when the CEO retires and he or she likes to go forth good feeling after its direction, which of class consequence in a large sum of fillips. Last illustration of a motivation for net incomes direction is internal motivations. Even if a company does non hold to demo its operations and net incomes to stakeholders or authorities, it can still utilize this powerful tool to make its annual ends and to achieve its public presentation program. I will concentrate now on patterns, process and fast one that directors use. How do houses pull off net incomes? The easiest and the fastest manner to conceal or demo a batch of net income in fiscal informations is by utilizing accumulations. Harmonizing to J. Jones and his work in â€Å" Earnings direction during of import alleviation probes † , most of the companies use unexpected accumulations or really similar to those that they use in their books to do up a difference between its existent assets to its end. He appointed each of their methods to assorted types of classs. Assorted types of these methods are net incomes direction through: specific accumulations, revelation and ‘real action ‘ , cost allotment and construction of dealing which refers to change fiscal informations. The first type of process that a house can utilize is net incomes direction through specific accumulations. It happens really frequently that direction can utilize specific accounting criterions in its fiscal statement because a house can happen itself in particular state of affairss or in particular industry. These specific state of affairss offers more room for different picks of direction because jurisprudence or regulations are non really specific. As a consequence it gives adequate grounds to hike up houses net incomes. This free pick of reading for comptrollers brings attending to hearers and their probes. Examples of these patterns are normally known in Bankss, insurance and belongings industry. In these industries houses can reasonably easy managed loan ‘s losingss, rating of belongings or pensions. The 2nd type of common patterns in net incomes direction is cost allotment. Firms can switch its income by apportioning costs to different activities. It can happen when cost, gross or an point is moved from other subordinates to another country with extra revenue enhancement or a different accounting method. Sometimes houses use charitable organisation to acquire extra options in traveling net incomes. In maintaining with Jones and Robert ‘s research ( 2006 ) † charities use the allotment of joint costs to smooth the plan ration, an frequently used index of charity efficiency † ( Jones and Robert ) . Largely, investors bring their attending to core fiscal informations, that is why it is utile for companies to switch some disbursals from chief fiscal informations to ‘special points ‘ . It happens because in nucleus fiscal information grosss and disbursals are non summed up with grosss and disbursals, for particular points, which can give infinite for net incomes direction. Large part of bookmans agree that income switching through different classs and reinvesting net incomes consequence in optimisation of revenue enhancements and study net incomes. Net incomes direction uses its â€Å" fast ones † through revelation. Directors normally use anterior net incomes sums to measure current net incomes in stock option. Under SFAS No 123 company should acknowledge pro forma stock option as an disbursal but houses manage this as a stock option in a footer. In fact, this pattern can cut down public unfavorable judgment because finally the CEO will counterbalance it and stock ‘s value can reminds the same, high. Back before 2002, multiple houses in United States normally used this process. ‘Real activities ‘ direction has a different intent of net incomes direction than old methods. Firm ‘s existent activities can by equilibrate up and down by altering a construction of dealing to be or non be able to use certain accounting criterions. Form of this pattern can be seen when an organisation cuts its budget, or selling monetary value, or follow just-in-time price reductions. Real use happens when company deviate from normal concern patterns and undertaken with primary aim of run intoing certain thresholds. ( Roychowdhury 2006 ) . Many grounds show that addition in gross revenues consequences in monetary value price reduction giving by companies, engage in overrun cut down cost of goods sold. Everything is a consequences of specific and rigorous end for a house. Besides, really clear illustrations provide just-in-time acceptance alterations in debt and revenue enhancement inducements when an organisation experiences different pattern for LIFO and FIFO tha t relates straight to income smoothing. A different manner of utilizing existent activities is clocking corporation ‘s accounting determinations. Firms give money for charity foundations, which result in grants. The clip spread between sedimentations and payout consequences in possibilities of net incomes direction. Petrovits put it good by stating â€Å" houses with high stock monetary value sensitiveness and little additions in net incomes make the most income-increasing foundation support picks. Firms with increasing net incomes despite of big income-decreasing foundation support picks in the current twelvemonth are more likely to increase net incomes in subsequent periods, consistent with the usage of cooky jar militias and net incomes smoothing † ( Petrovits ) . Relatively, directors can smooth net incomes income by hard currency flow. Playing with accumulations and altering them are most common pattern. Particularly, when discretional accumulations and derived functions accumulations are easy to pull off. If a company ‘s portfolio has a big fanciful sum and lower degrees of discretional accumulations, it will propose that both of those accumulations were modified to smooth net incomes. Is it ethical to utilize net incomes direction? I think that this pattern is likely one of the most of import ethical issues confronting the accounting profession today. Management normally has to make up one's mind either play a just game and seek to remain in frame of accounting regulations or maximising its net income utilizing every tool that directors can utilize. The job is ne'er black or white ; it is more like a gray side of net incomes direction, which can raise ethical issues. In a wide argument about ethical issues in moralss one side claim that: â€Å" net incomes direction undertaken entirely to heighten personal ends is by and large viewed as unethical † and the other side conclude that the moralss are both unethical and ethical, it depends of concern end. Others say that it is wholly unethical. Having said that the ethical effects of pull offing net incomes whether it has positive or negative influence of the moral facets and direction behaviour. Harmonizing to my research, purposes are the most influencing factor for determinations. Which can be subsequently justice as ethical or non. Research by Nelson et all ( 2003 ) concluded that it is common pattern to utilize net incomes direction today. The survey shows that day-to-day activity of companies consequences in cut downing accumulations from old periods, modifying depreciation, postponing measures, gross revenues dealing and altering categorization of income statement. The sample of 515 hearers and their list seems ne'er stoping. I can merely presume that â€Å" little † , â€Å" careless † errors are made every twenty-four hours. Those patterns can take to many effects in the hereafter. Directors can make multiple things to profit a company. These advantages can hold positive and negative results. Stock va lue, bonus pay for directors and etc. are merely on one side of the equation. The other side is more harmful because being detected for fraud will diminish in value of stock, loss of repute for company and direction, and trail for director. â€Å" If net incomes direction is considered unethical by fiscal statement users, so directors ‘ and companies ‘ reputes may endure and companies ‘ credibleness in the fiscal markets may be damaged † ( Kaplan,2001 ) . Kaplan ‘s probe showed that it is hard to make up one's mind if net incomes direction is unethical because we have to look at each instance from assorted position whether it was knowing or non. I inferred that company will ever seek to maximise its net income because it is the whole intent of a map of a company and we have to specify really particular and inside informations regulations to forestall those patterns. By doing clear criterions, comptrollers are able to cut down unethical behaviour to min imum. However, it will ever be something new and something that accounting has non defined yet. In concern everybody needs to happen a balance. I see a demand for schools to learn future hearers and directors about moralss and set up diligent penalties for corrupt comptrollers and supply good audited policies for organisation in concern universes. Many bookmans say that net incomes direction is an issue and a big part of their surveies focuses on the causes, effects and sensing of this topic. Relevant fact in research workers surveies is that defect in net incomes direction is non easy to observe. For sensing hearers use assorted techniques, which are non perfect and normally are miss specified. As I mentioned before accumulations are the most common methods that comptrollers use. It is because ; this method is ready to hand and more flexible than other ( like altering LIFO and FIFO ) . One of the most recognizable techniques is to â€Å" insulate the ‘discretionary ‘ part of the accrual constituent of net incomes † . This technique is really common but still it consists of a deficiency of power because of hapless ability to insulate specific accumulations, which has an unspecified correlativity between variables. Many alternate techniques have been found in recent old ages but they have little betterment ov er this chief method. One of them has a intent for placing discretional accumulations by Dechow and Dichev, 2002. Another method is fiting processs, which helps with misspecification but it is utile merely it matches relevant process with accurate variable. The whole intent of happening work method for sensing net incomes direction is use in accumulations, hearers will confront troubles in sensing of frauds in fiscal statements until they do non happen perfect theoretical account to utilize.Decision: start here delightMany accounting dirts shows importance of believable fiscal coverage. Net incomes direction is really accessible and common in concern in Twenty-one century. Many times when person negotiations about direction net incomes people think that it is something incorrect and negative but it can be really positive and legal. Management net incomes is a tool which aid comptrollers to demo company ‘s fiscal status in favourable manner. Law of accounting modulate many regu lations and state how to construe fiscal jurisprudence. Of class comptrollers have many option to pull strings and smooth their income. However, size of the house has positive impact on net incomes direction because large companies have strong internal control system and good define mechanisms. They besides corporate with CPA houses which they care about their reputes. These elements have decrease chance of earrings direction nevertheless the big companies can besides confront more force per unit area for positive studies. They have wider scope of histories, more bargaining power and stronger power to pull strings net incomes. Surely, motivations are the cardinal elements for net incomes direction. They explain most of directors behavior. Motivations see merely two picks. They are either favourable or no favourable for organisation. I would add something in this paragraph, assist me out my senior! Accounting alterations every twenty-four hours, directors face those alterations in processs every bit good. Government and fiscal organisation should look towards internal issues like audits instead than external factors. Accountants should set more force per unit area on audit because less audit attendings peers more deceitful net incomes direction in concern. Detection in net incomes direction is an of import issue as good and I hope I highlighted that job. It has many restriction and I think that research worker should work on more informations aggregation and less biased methods. In shutting, I recognize an ethical tradeoff throughout organisations. When one house does something rectify and the other sees chance to increases its net incomes even though it can be unethical. The job is that many companies do non look for the long position but short term net income which normally consequences in frauds and unethical behaviour. Net incomes direction is a really sophisticated and powerful tool used normally today.

FUTRONICS Inc CASE

Introduction Background of the Case FUTRONICS Inc. is a private company located in Lexington mainly categorized for modems, monitors, disk drives and terminals. It is moreover in to sales and services. This case is about the replacement of Futronics’s central office stores by an outside service provider. In this case supply management manager have an opportunity for investigating selected outsourcing in-house services. Cost Status of the Company Description| Making Cost in Total| Buying cost in Total| Size of company: Raw | 2 Billion Dollar| | Cost of Goods sold| $ 900,000| | Average Inventory (500 items in stocks)| $ 140,000| | Cost of Personnel and Space| $ 200,000| | Period of performance (Time Line) Description| Year| Target Serving Areas| Central Store Created| 1950 (middle of)| 21 area sites| | Present| 42 area sites| Place of performance Futronics Inc. is located at Lexington, Massachusettes. Stakeholders Analysis: 1. FUTRONICS Inc. 2. Central stores 3. Supply Management Department 4. Manager of Supply Management 5. Employees 6. Consumers 7. Government bodies 8. Vendors 9. Financial department 10. Outside store services 11. Litton 12. Boise-Cascade 13. L. E. Muran 14. Bay state office 15. New England supply 16. Other firms in Boston Focus areas 1. Make or buy decision 2. Multi-functional team 3. Risk analysis 4. Cost Estimate 5. Time Estimate 6. Ethics Scope of work The company has been into the supply chain management business for more than 60 years but in the recent years there has been decrease in sales due to heavy competitions. So the company is thinking of outsourcing central office stores as a part of their cost reduction programme. Now the company is in the initiation and planning stage of procurement and contract management. The procurement division manager is into the through research and analysis on the all the external and internal factors to see whether this outsourcing step would be beneficial for the company in terms of cost, time schedule, risk, quality and ethic The case shows that the company still is in the Plan Procurement Phase and has been doing a deep analysis and research from different perspective and angle to see whether outsourcing is a good strategy to move ahead to increase sales and cost reducing mechanism. Plan Procurement Management Plan Procurement Management deals with two phases of procurement management initiating and planning. Initiating * The company came up with an initiative (idea) on how to reduce the overhead corporate cost to increase the profit margin. * Carried out some research to analyse how other competitors are addressing this issue. Planning * Develop vendor analysis comparative chart with selection criteria – Scoring Framework. Refer Annex 1. * Analysis on Risk Management Areas such as risk identification, risk involvement in the process, etc. * Analysis on quality management areas – whether they could get the same quality or not. How much they need to compromise on the quality * Developed the comparative analysis chart on decision making process based on the focused areas: Advantages and Disadvantages analysing from both perspective Make Decision| Buy Decision – Outsourcing| Advantages | Advantages| Cheap price of goods when bulk buy| Less overhead cost| Quality Control| More concentration on other portion of the work| Transparency| | Good quality raw materials – quality output| | Chances of getting more business| Faster delivery service| Good name and reputation – Goodwill| | Product price – less expensive| | | Make Decision| Buy Decision – Outsourcing| Disadvantages| Disadvantages | High operating cost| Conflict might arises with vendors| Lay off of staff| Less Transparency| Unethical (as one of the employee is physically challenged)| Not timely delivered| More manpower required| Less quality raw materials | Loose the existing customer – Risk| High profit margin| | Finish goods might be expensive| | Long term contract | | | Acceptance criteria The company is taking a crucial decision although through analysis has been done using various tools and techniques. But there is always a fear that what happens next. How would be the response from the consumer and stakeholders? Since now the company has become dependent, what would be the level of trust? Annex 1: Comparative Evaluation Sheet for Selecting Vendor Evaluation Criteria| Company Name| | Litton| Boise-Cascade| L. E. Muran| Bay State Office| New England| Total Score| Weighted Score| Sample Catalogues| | | | | | | | Price List| | | | | | | | Ranges of costs for certain delivery| | | | | | | | Contract Term – 3 year| | | | | | | | Order Cycle Times – 10 Working days| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Levels:5 – Execellant4- Good3- Average2 – Fair1 – Not Satisfactory| The Report After analyzing all these risks and criteria Id like to present some points to demonstrate why we should go for outsourcing: * Closing stores operation the labour cost (4 employees) and space can provide $200,000 savings per year. * The employees can be allocated to another area or retired. I recommend one of them to work supporting with the contract management and for this job the disability worker can be trained to perform it. The costs related to the inventory can be reduced by 6%. * All the stores areas will become available for rent or designed for other operations. Also the management of those stores won’t be necessary, saving time to focus on other issues. * Another strong advantage of outsourcing is the delivery time that changes from three to four weeks to less than ten working days. This can also become an advantage among the competitors. * The launch of new items can be time shortened since we don’t have all the inventory and distribution tasks anymore. Will not be necessary to plan and create other stores to support our business as long it is growing. The contract will take care of it. These points clarify and justify the outsourcing procurement we should develop and administer. Cost and competitive advantages are the main points indicating our company to go for this project. References: Flemng, Q. W. (2003). Project procurement management: Contracting, subcontracting and teaming. (First ed. , p. 273). America: Mayori, F. (2013). Procurement slides – course study . Toronto, Canada: Centennial College, Progress Campus. www. centennialcollege. ca

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Leadership - Essay Example The supervisor’s action is a manifestation that he has the attributes of a good leader, including the ability â€Å"to be firm and just in maintaining necessary order. Without a certain toughness in this regard you will not win the respect of the group as a whole† (Xenophon, Athenian Soldier and Author, 431 – 350 BC). Further, the supervisor’s focus on the task at hand and directing the rest of his team to the completion of it, shows that he is competent, mindful and forward-looking, knowing that there are grave consequences on the team should the task be left undone. Had the supervisor been an incompetent leader, he would have let Dan Porter go about the workplace and share to each and everyone there his news about winning the lottery. It is a natural reaction of ordinary people to want to hear about the news firsthand and to share in the excitement. Consequently, the rest of the team would have seen the supervisor in a different light – one that puts priority to other things not necessarily helpful to the achievement of the company’s goals. The rest of the team would have begun questioning the supervisor’s competence, priorities, and focus. This eventually would have led to the loss of confidence and respect on the supervisor by the team members, which would lead to inefficiency and mediocre performance by the whole team. In conclusion, effective leadership takes not only knowledge and competence, but also courage to give importance above all else to the greater good. As Xenophon said, â€Å"There is a small risk a leader will be regarded with contempt by those he leads if, whatever he may have to preach, he shows himself best able to

GM Financial Analysis and Planning of the Collapse Essay

GM Financial Analysis and Planning of the Collapse - Essay Example The debt kept rising and the conditions worsened for GM in 2008. (Henderson, 2008) The earnings per share in 2005 were $ (5.93) which lead to the fall in the value of the shares. (General Motors Financial report, 2005). In 2007, the earnings per share further decreased to $ (76.16). However, in 2008, there was a slight improvement. The earnings per share were $ (53.47). (General Motors Annual Report 2010) In 2007, GM made the biggest loss in automobile industry. It made a loss of $ 38.7 billion. GM had to sell Allison Transmission for 5.6 billion dollars to Onex Corporation and Carlyle Group. Then, the gas prices increased in 2008 and GM had to close its sports utility vehicle and pick up factories. 8350 people became unemployed. By the end of 2008, it had to ask the government for protection. It had to ask Congress for $18 billion to pay its debts and to remain afloat. The Congress gave him $13.4 billion. However, the loss made was huge. It made an annual loss of $30.9 billion and i ts debt was accumulating. In 2009, it declared that it needs $ 30 billion to survive. On the other hand, its unit in Sweden filed for bankruptcy. This was another blow to General Motors. It presented a survival plan and a restructuring plan to US Government in which it mentioned that they close all their units except Saturn by 2011. However, the possibility was it will lose of its brands and the retailers or other potential companies might buy them. The Government was not satisfied with the restructuring plan and gave them another chance to make an aggressive plan and do aggressive cuts. Then, it used another scheme it asked 90% of its bondholders to accept a share of equity in return for debt. This will enable the company to reduce its debt by $24 billion. It decided to issue 62 billion new shares and end Pontiac. Also, it decided to end its contract with 1100 dealers. But the debt exchange offer as named by General Motors failed. Bankruptcy seemed evident. Government gave more loa ns to GM and it rose to $19.4 billion. GM came up with a new idea. It decided to give 10% of the company to bondholders and another 15% stake to reduce the debt by $27 billion. Also, it decided to build cars in US instead of China. These decisions led to the fall in share price. The share price went below $1. 54% of its bondholders agreed to the new scheme given my General Motors. Thus, it enabled GM to ask for bankruptcy protection from the court. The bankruptcy protection was granted to GM. (GM-History of an Automaker, 2009) The state protection was one of the milestones in General Motors history. It not only enabled it to recover from losses but it set a new beginning for General Motors. July 2009, was the period in which it started recovering from bankruptcy. At this time, it started off with only four brands. Most of the GM was now owned by the state. GM then sold its shares of Opel to a Russian company and started its restructuring. GM then announces a $3.5 billion deal for Am eriCredit. This was the step taken by GM to get support for the floatation of stock and later it started preparations for IPO. From the IPO, it was able to raise almost $20 billion. It was a comeback and a great achievement for GM. The share price also increased from $26 to $33.(General Motore-Timeline of trills and spills, 2011) In 2011, GM achieved a profit and recovered well from the bankruptcy. It gained a profit of $7.6 billion which was 62% higher than the

Human Gentic Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Gentic Engineering - Essay Example Holdrege and Talbot encapsulate such two-pronged reaction as an urgent question which necessitates resolution – â€Å"whether this remarkable cornucopia presents a picture of health and lawful bounty, or instead the hellish image of nature betrayed† (3). 1. Beginnings of Genetic Engineering The theory of evolution by natural selection advanced by Charles Darwin in 1859 shed light on how organisms adapt and survive in a given environment due to certain beneficial traits which gets passed on to succeeding generations. This was supported by Gregor Mendel’s study on the mechanics of inheriting specific traits among organisms (Yount 119).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Meanwhile, the discovery of DNA structure IN 1953 and replication led to further studies aimed at deciphering the codes that make up DNA. Moreover, studies on recombinant DNA technology have suggested the possibility of transferring DNA from one species into the genome of another, dissimilar organism. Fur ther studies on recombinant DNA technology produced the world’s first transgenic animals and plants in 1985. Four years later, transfer of foreign genes were successfully performed on a human subject (Yount 126). 2. Definition of Important Terminology The conceptual definition of DNA, genetic engineering and genome is provided below for a more enlightened view of the subject matter: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is defined as the chemical in which inherited information is encoded, stored in molecules consisting of a base pairs adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine in a phosphate-sugar double helix (Yount 159). Genetic engineering is defined as the artificial modification of genetic code with the aim of using genetic information from one organism to benefit another organism. The process involves splicing foreign DNA at specific places and transferring the DNA material into another DNA molecule (Yount 162). The genome is an organism’s complete record of genetic informat ion (Yount 163). 3. Rationale for Genetic Engineering The first argument stems from the purpose of genetic engineering. There is popular support to the position that the purpose of genetic engineering is for the overall benefit of humanity (Nicholl 5; Sanderson 10; Herring 89). Many religious sectors, however share the belief that the purpose of genetic engineering is to enhance the capability of mankind to partake in â€Å"God’s work of redemption and creation† and to glorify God (Cole-Turner 51; Merrill 305). Genetic testing on humans can facilitate the identification of diseases which may appear later in life. This application can be helpful in cases where parents need to know if they have passed on a genetic trait to their offspring which may put them in danger once the disease manifests itself (LeVine 49). Hence, human genetic engineering will be a crucial factor for the preservation of mankind in the light of AIDS and other incurable diseases which may be discove red in the future. In this sense, genetic engineering indeed benefits humanity. Cole-Turner, however, contends that when genetic engineering is viewed as a benefit to society, it connotes of humanity as one single entity which can aggregately decide what it needs or what it wants (53). Cole-Turner stresses that since genetic engineering comprises of initiatives and interactions of nations, corporations, researchers, investors and consumers, it serves the interests of